Management, Law & CA · Updated October 2026
Chartered Accountant ExamEligibility, Syllabus, Exam Pattern, Salary, Cut-Off, PYQs and Free Mock Test
Chartered Accountant (CA)
The Chartered Accountancy (CA) course is a professional qualification in accounting, auditing, taxation and finance regulated by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI). The route has three examination levels, Foundation, Intermediate and Final, along with a period of practical training (articleship) and mandatory training courses in IT and soft skills.
- Type
- Eligibility & certification
- Level
- National
- Conducting body
- Finance & Accounting
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Chartered Accountant exam overview and highlights
About Chartered Accountant
The Chartered Accountancy (CA) course is a professional qualification in accounting, auditing, taxation and finance regulated by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI). The route has three examination levels, Foundation, Intermediate and Final, along with a period of practical training (articleship) and mandatory training courses in IT and soft skills. Members can work in public practice as auditors, in industry or in senior finance roles.
The examination process for Chartered Accountant comprises 5 stages: CA Foundation, followed by CA Intermediate, followed by Articleship and training, followed by CA Final, followed by Membership. The official syllabus tests candidates across 5 core areas — Accounting and Financial Reporting, Law, Taxation, Auditing and Ethics, Costing, Finance and Strategy — focusing on conceptual clarity, speed, and accuracy. There is no merit list for entry. A candidate passes each level by scoring at least 40 marks in every paper and 50 per cent in aggregate within a group, with exemptions carried for papers scored at 60 or more. After passing the Final and completing articleship and the required training, the candidate enrols as a member of ICAI.
Key subjects
- Accounting and Financial Reporting
- Law
- Taxation
- Auditing and Ethics
- Costing, Finance and Strategy
What clearing Chartered Accountant leads to
- Membership of ICAI with the right to practice as a chartered accountant
- Statutory audit, tax and advisory practice
- Finance, accounting and controllership roles in industry
- Roles in banks, consulting firms, PSUs and government
- Certification & Career Benefit: Membership of ICAI and the right to practice as a Chartered Accountant; fresh members from campus placement typically start on packages that vary widely by firm and city
- Official qualifying certificate issued by Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) recognised across recruiting boards
Quick facts
- Full name
- Chartered Accountant (CA)
- Conducting body
- Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI)
- Frequency
- Examinations are held three times a year (usually January, May and September) for each level
- Exam mode
- Offline (pen and paper), with objective portions in some papers
- Languages
- English, with Hindi medium available for most papers
- Stages & papers
- 5 stages (3 papers total)
- Negative marking
- 0.25 marks deducted per wrong answer in the objective papers of Foundation; no negative marking in the MCQ portions of Intermediate and Final
- Official website
- www.icai.org
Chartered Accountant — Key Highlights & Official Particulars
Complete snapshot of Chartered Accountant conducting authority, frequency, mode, stages, negative marking and official portal.
| Particulars | Details |
|---|---|
| Exam Name | Chartered Accountant — Chartered Accountant (CA) |
| Conducting Body | Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) |
| Exam Category | Management, Law & CA |
| Exam Level | National level |
| Exam Type & Purpose | Eligibility & certification (Eligibility & Fellowship Certification) |
| Exam Frequency | Examinations are held three times a year (usually January, May and September) for each level |
| Usual Notification & Exam Window | Foundation, Intermediate and Final are held in January, May and September; registration for each level stays open through the year, and examination forms are filed about two to three months before the attempt |
| Mode of Application | Online through ICAI's self-service portal (eservices.icai.org) for registration, articleship and examination forms |
| Mode of Examination | Offline (pen and paper), with objective portions in some papers |
| Medium / Exam Languages | English, with Hindi medium available for most papers |
| Selection Stages | 5 Stages (3 Papers Total): CA Foundation → CA Intermediate → Articleship and training → CA Final → Membership |
| Negative Marking | 0.25 marks deducted per wrong answer in the objective papers of Foundation; no negative marking in the MCQ portions of Intermediate and Final |
| Selection / Merit Process | There is no merit list for entry. A candidate passes each level by scoring at least 40 marks in every paper and 50 per cent in aggregate within a group, with exemptions carried for papers scored at 60 or more. After passing the Final and completing articleship and the required training, the candidate enrols as a member of ICAI. |
| Educational Qualification | Entry through the Foundation route after Class 12, or through the direct entry route for graduates and postgraduates (commerce graduates with at least 55% and others with at least 60%) and those who have passed the Intermediate level of ICSI or ICMAI. |
| Age Limit | No age limit. |
| Qualification & Fellowship Benefit | Membership of ICAI and the right to practice as a Chartered Accountant; fresh members from campus placement typically start on packages that vary widely by firm and city |
| Scorecard / Certificate Validity | A pass at any level does not expire; paper exemptions are valid for the next three attempts |
| Competition Scale | Pass rates for Intermediate and Final usually stay in the single digits to low twenties per cent per group |
| Official Website | www.icai.org |
Summary for orientation only, last reviewed October 2026. Check eligibility, dates and pattern in the official notification.
Chartered Accountant exam schedule, vacancy, fee and online application process
Standard annual cycle and application workflow for Chartered Accountant. Confirm exact notification and closing dates on the official Finance & Accounting website.
| Examination Event | Typical Calendar Window | Cycle / Mode |
|---|---|---|
| Chartered Accountant Official Notification & Information Bulletin | Foundation, Intermediate and Final are held in January, May and September; registration for each level stays open through the year, and examination forms are filed about two to three months before the attempt | Examinations are held three times a year (usually January, May and September) for each level |
| Online Registration & Application Fee Window | Typically remains open for 21 to 30 days from the date of notification release | Online Portal |
| Application Form Correction / Edit Window | 2 to 5 days immediately following the close of the online registration window | As Notified |
| Exam City Intimation & Admit Card Release | City slip 10–15 days prior; Hall Ticket / E-Admit Card 4 to 10 days before the exam date | Via Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) |
| Chartered Accountant — CA Foundation | Foundation, Intermediate and Final are held in January, May and September; registration for each level stays open through the year, and examination forms are filed about two to three months before the attempt | Offline (pen and paper), with objective portions in some papers |
| Chartered Accountant — CA Intermediate | Typically 6 to 12 weeks after declaration of Stage 1 results | Shortlisted Candidates |
| Provisional Answer Key & Objection Representation Window | Within 3 to 10 days after completion of the objective examination shifts | Online Challenge |
| Final Answer Key, Normalized Result & Merit List / Scorecard | Typically 3 to 6 weeks after conclusion of the examination stage | Merit List PDF / Login |
- Qualification Scope & Competition
- Pass rates for Intermediate and Final usually stay in the single digits to low twenties per cent per group. As a qualifying / fellowship examination conducted by Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI), all candidates who meet or exceed the category-wise qualifying marks / JRF merit cut-off earn certification.
- Application Fee & Payment Norms
- Application fee varies by category (Unreserved / OBC-NCL / EWS vs SC / ST / PwBD) and paper selection (Single Paper vs Both Papers where applicable), payable online through the official Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) gateway.
How to apply online for Chartered Accountant
One-Time Registration (OTR) & Portal Login
Visit www.icai.org and complete your candidate registration using a valid email ID, active mobile number, and Aadhaar / government photo ID details. Online through ICAI's self-service portal (eservices.icai.org) for registration, articleship and examination forms.
Fill Academic, Personal & Exam Centre Preferences
Log in to open the Chartered Accountant application form. Enter your qualifying degree/board details, category/reservation status, medium of examination (English, with Hindi medium available for most papers), and choose 3 to 4 preferred test cities.
Upload Photograph, Signature & Category Certificates
Upload a recent passport-size photograph (in prescribed KB dimensions and light background), scanned running-hand signature, and valid SC/ST/OBC-NCL/EWS/PwBD/Domicile certificates where applicable.
Online Application Fee Payment & Confirmation Page
Pay the category-wise examination fee via UPI, Net Banking, Debit/Credit Card, or e-Challan before the closing deadline, then download and preserve the final Chartered Accountant Confirmation Page / Application PDF for admit card and verification stages.
Chartered Accountant eligibility criteria and age relaxation
Candidates applying for Chartered Accountant must fulfil the academic qualification, age limit, nationality and category reservation rules notified by Finance & Accounting.
Educational qualification
Entry through the Foundation route after Class 12, or through the direct entry route for graduates and postgraduates (commerce graduates with at least 55% and others with at least 60%) and those who have passed the Intermediate level of ICSI or ICMAI.
Age limit & relaxations
No age limit.
Number of attempts
Registration at each level is valid for a fixed period and can be renewed; there is no limit on exam attempts within a valid registration.
Nationality & domicile
Citizen of India (or eligible subjects of Nepal/Bhutan and categories of Indian origin as notified under Government of India recruitment/admission rules).
Other conditions & standards
Pass criteria at every level: at least 40% in each paper and 50% aggregate in the group.
Chartered Accountant — Category-Wise Upper Age Relaxation & Reservation Norms
| Category | Age Relaxation / Rule | Key Conditions & Documentation |
|---|---|---|
| Assistant Professor / Teaching Eligibility (All Categories) | No upper age limit for eligibility certification (unless specified for state cadre posts) | Minimum 55% Master's / 50% D.El.Ed or B.Ed marks for Unreserved; 5% marks relaxation for SC/ST/OBC-NCL/PwBD. |
| Junior Research Fellowship (JRF) — Unreserved / EWS | No age limit. | Applies only to candidates opting for JRF fellowship; Lectureship/TET generally carries no upper age cap. |
| OBC-NCL / SC / ST / PwBD / Third Gender & Women Candidates | Up to 5 years upper-age relaxation for JRF + 5% relaxation in minimum qualifying degree marks | Additional relaxation up to 5 years for candidates with LLM or documented research/armed forces experience where applicable. |
Chartered Accountant selection process and exam pattern
Negative Marking & Evaluation Rule: 0.25 marks deducted per wrong answer in the objective papers of Foundation; no negative marking in the MCQ portions of Intermediate and Final. Selection & Merit Weightage: There is no merit list for entry. A candidate passes each level by scoring at least 40 marks in every paper and 50 per cent in aggregate within a group, with exemptions carried for papers scored at 60 or more. After passing the Final and completing articleship and the required training, the candidate enrols as a member of ICAI.
Stage 1: CA Foundation
Offline (pen and paper) • 1 Paper (Four papers) • 400 Total Marks • Duration: 3 hours each (Papers 3 and 4 are 2 hours) • The entry-level examination with four papers covering Accounting, Business Laws, Quantitative Aptitude and Business Economics.
The entry-level examination with four papers covering Accounting, Business Laws, Quantitative Aptitude and Business Economics. Candidates can register after Class 10 and appear after passing Class 12 and completing the prescribed study period.
Paper / Section Questions Marks Duration Four papersPapers 1 and 2 subjective, Papers 3 and 4 objective Varies 400 3 hours each (Papers 3 and 4 are 2 hours) Stage 2: CA Intermediate
Offline (pen and paper), 30% MCQ in each paper • 1 Paper (Six papers in two groups) • 600 Total Marks • Duration: 3 hours each • Six papers in two groups covering Advanced Accounting, Corporate and Other Laws, Taxation, Cost and Management Accounting, Auditing and Ethics, and Financial and Strategic Management.
Six papers in two groups covering Advanced Accounting, Corporate and Other Laws, Taxation, Cost and Management Accounting, Auditing and Ethics, and Financial and Strategic Management. Both groups must be passed before starting articleship.
Paper / Section Questions Marks Duration Six papers in two groups Varies 600 3 hours each Stage 3: Articleship and training
Offline (pen and paper), with objective portions in some papers • Two years of practical training under a practising chartered accountant or in an approved industrial setting, after completing ICITSS.
Two years of practical training under a practising chartered accountant or in an approved industrial setting, after completing ICITSS. The Advanced ICITSS course is completed before appearing for the Final.
Stage 4: CA Final
Offline (pen and paper), 30% MCQ in most papers • 1 Paper (Six papers in two groups) • 600 Total Marks • Duration: 3 hours each (the case study paper is 4 hours) • Six papers in two groups covering Financial Reporting, Advanced Financial Management, Advanced Auditing, Direct Tax, Indirect Tax and an Integrated Business Solutions case study.
Six papers in two groups covering Financial Reporting, Advanced Financial Management, Advanced Auditing, Direct Tax, Indirect Tax and an Integrated Business Solutions case study. Self-paced online modules must also be cleared.
Paper / Section Questions Marks Duration Six papers in two groups Varies 600 3 hours each (the case study paper is 4 hours) Stage 5: Membership
Offline (pen and paper), with objective portions in some papers • After passing the Final and completing articleship and training, candidates enrol as members of ICAI and may obtain a Certificate of Practice.
After passing the Final and completing articleship and training, candidates enrol as members of ICAI and may obtain a Certificate of Practice.
Chartered Accountant subject-wise syllabus and study material
SmartRank organizes chapter-wise study notes for every subject below in 12 languages, with an AI Tutor on hand for doubts. Start exploring for free, and unlock the complete syllabus with Learn or SmartRank Pass.
Accounting and Financial Reporting — Part I (Accounting standards and Ind AS)
- Accounting standards and Ind AS
- Company accounts
- Consolidation and business combinations
Accounting and Financial Reporting — Part II (Financial instruments)
- Financial instruments
- Partnership and special accounts
Law — Part I (Indian Contract Act and Sale of Goods Act)
- Indian Contract Act and Sale of Goods Act
- Companies Act
- Limited Liability Partnership Act
Law — Part II (Negotiable Instruments Act)
- Negotiable Instruments Act
- Economic and securities laws
Taxation — Part I (Income tax)
- Income tax: heads of income, deductions, assessment
- Goods and Services Tax
- International taxation and transfer pricing
Taxation — Part II (Customs law)
- Customs law
- Tax planning and ethics
Auditing and Ethics: Standards on Auditing & Audit of companies and banks
- Standards on Auditing
- Audit of companies and banks
- Internal control and risk assessment
- Professional ethics under the CA Act
- Audit reports
Costing, Finance and Strategy: Cost and management accounting & Financial management
- Cost and management accounting
- Financial management
- Advanced financial management and derivatives
- Strategic management
- Business economics and quantitative aptitude
Chartered Accountant certificate validity, fellowship & career opportunities
Membership of ICAI and the right to practice as a Chartered Accountant; fresh members from campus placement typically start on packages that vary widely by firm and city. Clearing Chartered Accountant establishes statutory eligibility for teaching, research, or professional recruitment across India.
Certification & Fellowship Scope
Membership of ICAI and the right to practice as a Chartered Accountant; fresh members from campus placement typically start on packages that vary widely by firm and city.
Issuing Body
Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI)
Certificate / Score Validity
A pass at any level does not expire; paper exemptions are valid for the next three attempts
Applicable Recruiting Sectors
Central universities, KVS, NVS, EMRS, state education boards, colleges, and R&D institutions nationwide.
Key Benefits & Institutional Opportunities
- Official digital e-Certificate issued by the conducting authority after cut-off qualification
- Eligibility to apply directly against permanent government and aided recruitment notifications
- Monthly Junior Research Fellowship (JRF) stipend + HRA and contingency grant (for JRF-qualified candidates)
- Exemption from written entrance tests in Ph.D. admissions or added academic weightage in selection interviews
- Career advancement (CAS) and pay-scale elevation benefits in academic and professional cadres
Academic & Career Progression Roadmap
- Clear Chartered Accountant Category Cut-Off & Download Official Digital Certificate
- Apply for Central / State Recruitment Notifications or University Ph.D. / JRF Admissions
- Clear Mains / Written Recruitment Test, Demo Teaching, or Selection Interview
- Permanent Appointment as Teacher / Assistant Professor / Research Fellow / Certified Professional
- Senior Scale / Selection Grade / Principal / Professor Progression via Career Advancement Scheme
Chartered Accountant cut-off trends, score normalization and safe target score
Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) publishes category-wise qualifying marks and/or aggregate percentile cut-offs alongside the Chartered Accountant result. Candidates must secure both the minimum paper-wise qualifying percentage and the category merit threshold (where applicable for JRF or merit lists) to be declared qualified.
Chartered Accountant — Qualifying Standards & Safe Target Benchmarks
| Category | Qualifying Floor / Standard | Recommended Safe Target |
|---|---|---|
| General / Unreserved (UR) | 40% to 60% Aggregate (as per paper rules) | 65%+ Aggregate Marks for comfortable qualification / JRF contention |
| OBC (Non-Creamy Layer) & GEN-EWS | 35% to 55% Aggregate (5% relaxation) | 60%+ Aggregate Marks |
| Scheduled Caste (SC) / Scheduled Tribe (ST) / PwBD | 35% to 55% Aggregate (5% relaxation) | 55%+ Aggregate Marks |
Score Normalization & Marking Impact
Because Chartered Accountant is evaluated on a uniform single-session paper scale under 0.25 marks deducted per wrong answer in the objective papers of Foundation; no negative marking in the MCQ portions of Intermediate and Final, raw score accuracy directly determines your rank on the official merit list.
Factors Determining Chartered Accountant Cut-Off
- Total number of notified vacancies / available seats across participating cadres and institutions
- Total number of registered vs actual appearing candidates in the Chartered Accountant cycle
- Relative difficulty level of the question paper (and shift-wise variation in multi-shift CBT exams)
- Category-wise vertical (UR, EWS, OBC-NCL, SC, ST) and horizontal (PwBD, ESM, Women) reservation ratios
- Previous year cut-off trajectory and candidate score distribution at the top percentiles
Chartered Accountant admit card, answer key and result guide
City slip 10–15 days prior • Admit Card 4–10 days before exam
Chartered Accountant Exam City Intimation & Admit Card
Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) releases the advance Exam City Intimation Slip followed by the official Chartered Accountant Hall Ticket / e-Admit Card on www.icai.org. No hard copy is sent by post; candidates must log in with their Registration Number and Date of Birth / Password to download it.
- Clear A4 printout of the Chartered Accountant e-Admit Card with visible barcode and photograph
- Original valid Government Photo ID (Aadhaar Card, Passport, Voter ID, Driving Licence, or PAN Card)
- 2 recent passport-size photographs matching the image uploaded in the online application
- PwBD / Scribe certificate and undertaking (if availing compensatory time or scribe facility)
Within 3–10 days after the examination
Chartered Accountant Provisional Answer Key & Objection Window
After conclusion of the objective test, Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) uploads the candidate response sheet and Provisional Answer Key on www.icai.org. Candidates can calculate their raw score and submit online representations against any ambiguous question or key discrepancy within the stipulated 48–72 hour window.
- Download your recorded Response Sheet PDF and match Question IDs with the Master Answer Key
- Calculate raw score using the official positive and negative marking formula
- Attach standard textbook / NCERT / official gazette proof if challenging any provisional key
- Review the Final Answer Key published after subject-expert scrutiny of all representations
3–6 weeks after stage completion
Chartered Accountant Result, Scorecard & Merit List / Counselling
Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) declares the Chartered Accountant result as a stage-wise Merit List PDF (with roll numbers and category cut-offs) and individual Normalized Scorecards on www.icai.org. Shortlisted candidates proceed to the next stage, Document Verification, or Centralised Counselling.
- Download and save your official Chartered Accountant Scorecard / Rank Letter PDF immediately upon release
- Verify category-wise and sectional cut-off marks in the official result write-up notice
- Keep original matriculation, degree, caste/EWS, and domicile certificates ready for verification
- Track reserve list / multi-round seat allotment updates on the official website
Chartered Accountant mock tests
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Chartered Accountant Full Mock Test 1
CA Foundation · 3 hours each (Papers 3 and 4 are 2 hours)
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Chartered Accountant Full Mock Test 2
CA Foundation · 3 hours each (Papers 3 and 4 are 2 hours)
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Chartered Accountant Full Mock Test 3
CA Foundation · 3 hours each (Papers 3 and 4 are 2 hours)
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Chartered Accountant Full Mock Test 4
CA Foundation · 3 hours each (Papers 3 and 4 are 2 hours)
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Chartered Accountant Full Mock Test 5
CA Foundation · 3 hours each (Papers 3 and 4 are 2 hours)
Chartered Accountant previous year papers
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Predicted questions for Chartered Accountant
High-probability questions and topics for your next exam
How to prepare for Chartered Accountant
- Plan the whole route early: Foundation or direct entry, Intermediate, articleship and Final usually take around four and a half to five years.
- Use the ICAI study material, revision test papers and mock test papers as the primary source, since examiners set questions from them.
- Choose an articleship firm that gives exposure to audit and taxation, because Final questions assume practical understanding.
- Write full-length answers in practice; the subjective papers reward presentation, working notes and reference to standards.
- Track ICAI announcements on amendments, since tax and law papers test the law as applicable for that exam.
- Attempt both groups together when prepared, as a 60% aggregate across all papers of a group can give set-off benefits under ICAI rules.
Chartered Accountant FAQs
What are the stages of the CA course?
Foundation (or direct entry for graduates), Intermediate, two years of articleship with IT and soft skills training, and the Final examination, after which you enrol as a member of ICAI.
How long does it take to become a CA?
Around four and a half to five years after Class 12 if each level is cleared in the first attempt, including the two-year articleship.
Can I join the CA course after graduation without Foundation?
Yes, through the direct entry route: commerce graduates with 55% and other graduates with 60% can register directly for Intermediate, as can those who have passed the Intermediate level of ICSI or ICMAI.
How many times a year are CA exams held?
ICAI now holds Foundation, Intermediate and Final examinations three times a year, usually in January, May and September.
What are the passing marks in CA exams?
At every level you need at least 40% in each paper and 50% aggregate in the group.
What is the selection process and exam pattern for Chartered Accountant?
Chartered Accountant is conducted by Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) across 5 stages: CA Foundation → CA Intermediate → Articleship and training → CA Final → Membership. There is no merit list for entry. A candidate passes each level by scoring at least 40 marks in every paper and 50 per cent in aggregate within a group, with exemptions carried for papers scored at 60 or more. After passing the Final and completing articleship and the required training, the candidate enrols as a member of ICAI.
What is the age limit and educational qualification for Chartered Accountant?
Educational Qualification: Entry through the Foundation route after Class 12, or through the direct entry route for graduates and postgraduates (commerce graduates with at least 55% and others with at least 60%) and those who have passed the Intermediate level of ICSI or ICMAI. Age Limit: No age limit.
Is there negative marking in the Chartered Accountant exam?
Yes — 0.25 marks deducted per wrong answer in the objective papers of Foundation; no negative marking in the MCQ portions of Intermediate and Final. Candidates should use a two-pass attempt strategy during mock tests to keep accuracy above 85% and minimise negative marking deductions.
What is the validity and career benefit of the Chartered Accountant certificate?
Membership of ICAI and the right to practice as a Chartered Accountant; fresh members from campus placement typically start on packages that vary widely by firm and city. Validity: A pass at any level does not expire; paper exemptions are valid for the next three attempts.
When is the Chartered Accountant notification released and how can I apply online?
Chartered Accountant is held examinations are held three times a year (usually January, May and September) for each level (Foundation, Intermediate and Final are held in January, May and September; registration for each level stays open through the year, and examination forms are filed about two to three months before the attempt). Online through ICAI's self-service portal (eservices.icai.org) for registration, articleship and examination forms.
How can I prepare for Chartered Accountant on SmartRank?
Select Chartered Accountant as your target exam on SmartRank to get chapter-by-chapter study material built around its syllabus covering Accounting and Financial Reporting, Law, Taxation, Auditing and Ethics, solved previous year question papers, topic and full-length mock tests in the exact Chartered Accountant pattern, a timed exam simulator, subject-wise analytics, an adaptive daily study plan and an AI Tutor.